原创 | 攻克托福阅读长难句的方法，赶紧收藏！

发表于讨论求助 2023-05-10 14:56:27

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很多同学在做题过程中经常问：“我单词都背了，为什么还是看不懂句子呢？”

句子是由单词构成的，想要看懂句子的第一步就是背词，但除此之外，理解句子还需要语法和背景知识。学英语的人要先学语法，原因是英语句子和中文句子的理解顺序不同，例如：

我们读“一个穿着大白褂，头上扎着马尾，脸上红扑扑的小姑娘真美丽”，按照从左往右的顺序去理解，完全没有障碍，但读 “The girl in white, with ponytail and red face is pretty.”，主谓之间出现的修饰成分往往会阻碍句子的理解。而作为一个检测阅读水平的标准化考试，托福阅读中大部分都是此类句子，如“The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established. ”很多同学看到这个句子都束手无策。因此，在理解句子过程中，学会处理这种成分尤为重要。

根据句子结构特征，理解主谓之间出现修饰成分的句子可分为三步：

第一、识别修饰成分

第二、翻译句子主干（一般为主谓宾）

第三、翻译修饰成分

为了加深同学们印象，现在具体讲解每个步骤。

识别修饰成分

①介词短语，如The close correspondence between the observed properties of gallium and Mendeleyev’s predictions for eka-aluminum lent strong support to the periodic law.中的介词短语为between the observed properties of gallium and Mendeleyev’s predictions for eka-aluminum.

②形容词短语，如Middle Eastern merchants and artisans unhappy with their environment could simply pack up and leave for greener pastures.中形容词短语为unhappy with their environment.

③V-ing短语，如The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the canals.中V-ing短语为” building the canals to transport coal”.

④V-ed短语，如The cost of water obtained through any of these schemes would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the regions uncompetitive on the national and international markets.中V-ed短语为obtained through any of these schemes.

⑤定语从句，如Those individuals who possess characteristics that provide them with an advantage in the struggle for existence are more likely to survive and contribute their genes to the next generation.中定位从句为who possess characteristics that provide them with an advantage in the struggle for existence.

翻译句子主干（一般为主谓宾）

托福阅读考试的时限性要求学生阅读文章时，快速理解句子主干。

①介词短语:The close correspondence lent strong support to the periodic law. 相似性强烈支持周期表规律。

②形容词短语:Middle Eastern merchants and artisans could simply pack up and leave for greener pastures. 中东商人和工匠可以简单收拾行李，去到更茂盛的牧场。

③V-ing短语: The companies needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the canals. 公司需要测量员帮助他们找到值得挖掘的煤矿并且决定通往运河的路线。

④V-ed短语:The cost of water would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the regions uncompetitive on the national and international markets. 水的成本会增加抽水成本至少十倍，使得区域灌溉农业产品在国内外市场没有竞争力。

⑤定语从句:Those individuals are more likely to survive and contribute their genes to the next generation. 那些个体更有可能存活，把基因传递给下一代。

翻译修饰成分

①介词短语:The close correspondence between the observed properties of gallium and Mendeleyev’s predictions for eka-aluminum lent strong support to the periodic law. 相似性强烈支持周期表规律，这个相似性指被观察到的gallium性质和Mendeleyev预测eka-aluminum一致。

②形容词短语:Middle Eastern merchants and artisans unhappy with their environment could simply pack up and leave for greener pastures. 中东商人和工匠可以简单收拾行李，去到更茂盛的牧场，对自己的工作环境不满意的人都如此。

③V-ing短语：The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the canals. 公司需要测量员帮助他们找到值得挖掘的煤矿并且决定通往运河的路线，那些公司是修建运河运输煤的。

④V-ed短语:The cost of water obtained through any of these schemes would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the regions uncompetitive on the national and international markets. 水的成本会增加抽水成本至少十倍，使得区域灌溉农业产品在国内外市场没有竞争力，从任何一个方案获得的水都如此。

⑤定语从句：Those individuals who possess characteristics that provide them with an advantage in the struggle for existence are more likely to survive and contribute their genes to the next generation. 那些个体更有可能存活，把基因传递给下一代，那些个体都拥有生存竞争优势。

最后，学以致用，根据上述步骤，来理解文章开篇的句子The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established. 修饰成分是V-ed短语caused by its diminished ability to absorb water；主干翻译是：逐渐干燥的土壤导致植被进一步减少，因此表面恶性循环形成；整句翻译是：逐渐干燥的土壤导致植被进一步减少，因此表面恶性循环形成，土壤变干的原因是吸水能力减少。

原来理解主谓之间带有修饰成分的句子如此简单，同学们学会了吗？

开篇还提到理解句子还需要背景知识的内容，下次有时间再和大家分享！